Clinical Oncology

Clinical Oncology is a medical speciality focusing on the treatment of cancer of organs (solid tumours) or tissue.  A physician that works in the field of oncology is called an Clinical Oncologist.  Proper diagnosis and staging, including clinical examination, blood, urine or other body fluids investigations and histopathology examination, are carried out specific therapy for each individual patient.  The treatment plan is either combination or single such as Chemotherapy, Radiotherapy, Hormonal / Targetted Therapy and Immunotherapy.  There are also for palliative or cancer related pain treatment.

Chemotherapy is the treatment of cancer using cytotoxic drugs to kill more cancer cell usually by intravenous infusion or taken orally.
Targetted Therapy is a treatment that uses drugs or other substances to identify and attack certain type of cancers.  It can be used by itself or combination with other treatments.  
Hormonal Therapy:  Some cancers are hormone-dependent and if specific hormone is blocked, those cancers can be controlled with manageable side effects.
Immunotherapy is a science strategy to empower Immune cells to recognise cancer cells as enemies and kill them.  It attacks one component of the cancer cells or the whole cell.  It also has few side effects and easily be managed with steroids and NSAIDS.
Radiotherapy is often required either single or combination with chemotherapy. The dose is given by fractions.  It also helps to kill cancer cell.